pyroute2模块
简介：该模块可以用来管理网络命名空间，也可以用来创建虚拟网卡。
该模块分为两种方式：
-
pyroute2.IPRoute()方式
-
pyroute2.IPDB()方式
当程序需要频繁的操作的时候，建议使用第二种。
此处介绍一种创建命名空间，并且自动开启其中的网卡的demo代码：
from pyroute2 import IPDB
from pyroute2 import NetNS
# generate a netns
# Mind its path!!! Which is not in `/var/run/netns/`, so it can not be shown
# by using 'ip netns'. But you can create a symbol link.
ns0 = NetNS('/var/run/netns/ns0')
# start the main network settings database
ip_main = IPDB()
# start the same for a netns
ip_ns0 = IPDB(nl=ns0)
# create VETH
ip_main.create(ifname='veth0', kind='veth', peer='veth1').commit()
# move peer VETH into netns (this move will clear all settings in this device)
with ip_main.interfaces['veth1'] as veth:
veth.net_ns_fd = '/var/run/netns/ns0'
# now, set 'veth0' up
with ip_main.interfaces['veth0'] as veth:
veth.add_ip('172.16.14.1/24')
veth.set_address('00:11:22:33:44:55')
veth.set_mtu(9000)
veth.up()
# now, netns has a device and it should be up
with ip_ns0.interfaces.veth1 as veth:
veth.add_ip('172.16.147.2/24')
veth.set_mtu(9000)
veth.up()
# don't forget release the database
ip_main.release()
ip_ns0.release()
还有一种方式，与上述差不多，但是可以用于修改网卡名：
from pyroute2 import IPDB
from pyroute2 import NetNS
ns0 = NetNS('/var/run/netns/ns0')
ip_main = IPDB()
ip_ns0 = IPDB(nl=ns0)
ip_main.create(ifname='veth0', kind='veth', peer='veth1').commit()
with ip_main.interfaces['veth1'] as veth:
veth.net_ns_fd = '/var/run/netns/ns0'
# 使用这种方法一定要注意最后加上commit()使得配置生效
ip_main.interfaces['veth0'].add_ip('172.16.147.1/24')
ip_main.interfaces['veth0'].set_mtu(9000)
ip_main.interfaces['veth0'].up()
ip_main.interfaces['veth0'].commit()
ip_ns0.interfaces.veth1.add_ip('172.16.147.2/24')
ip_ns0.interfaces.veth1.set_mtu(9000)
ip_ns0.interfaces.veth1.set_address('00:11:22:33:44:55')
ip_ns0.interfaces.veth1.ifname = 'eth0' # 将原网卡名`veth1`更改为`eth0`
ip_ns0.interfaces.veth1.up()
ip_ns0.interfaces.veth1.commit()
ip_main.release()
ip_ns0.release()
删除一个命名空间可以用这种方式：
from pyroute2 import NetNS
ns0 = NetNS('test0')
# ...
ns0.close()
ns0.remove()
删除一个网卡：
from pyroute2 import IPDB
ipdb = IPDB()
with ipdb.interfaces['ve0'] as veth:
veth.remove()
